Relevant Theses

In recent years, the problem of environmental pollution caused by nitrate compounds has been taken more seriously. When there is an abnormality in the science park wastewater, due to the high concentration and large discharge volume, the environmental impact will be most severe, therefore the Environmental Protection Administration announced the “Science Park Sewer Systems Effluent Standards” on October 22, 2012, and stipulated that the discharge standard for Nitrate Nitrogen as 50 mg/L. The purpose of the regulation is to urge the manufacturers at the source and the joint sewage treatment plants at the end to utilize physical, chemical, and biological methods actively to treat the nitrate nitrogen in the discharged wastewater to acceptable levels. In addition, when the wastewater treatment plants encounter unexpected incidents, such as poor treatment efficiency, then contingency plans should be formulated to ensure the rapid and efficient reduction of nitrate nitrogen concentration to prevent the excessive concentrations of nitrate nitrogen in discharged wastewater from causing health hazards.

Many researches indicate that Zero-Valent Iron has been widely applied to reduce nitrate nitrogen in water as it has advantages such as relatively cheap material costs, low equipment footprint, ease of operation, and ease of maintenance, therefore this study used micrometer Zero-Valent Iron in the experiment with the laboratory prepared 50mg/L nitrate nitrogen solution, under the optimal conditions of pH 2, 100 g/L dosage, and 6 hours of stirring and reaction time, achieving a nitrate removal rate of more than 98%. In addition, through the experiments and comparisons with the influent and effluent water containing different nitrate nitrogen concentrations of the joint wastewater treatment plants, results show that even if the nitrate nitrogen concentration of the wastewater was originally as high as 150 mg/L, the removal rate is still higher than 70%. However, in this case, about 20%~40% of the nitrate removed will be converted to Ammonia Nitrogen, and as the reaction yields better results when conducted at low pH values, therefore the treatment plants should also monitor and treat the effluent to a pH value above 6 in addition to monitoring the nitrate nitrogen concentration of the treated wastewater to avoid violating the discharge standards.

In order to reduce the environmental impacts caused by the ammonia nitrogen in industrial wastewater, the Environmental Protection Administration announced the “Science Park Sewer Systems Effluent Standards” on October 12, 2012, and implemented a two-phase restriction on ammonia nitrogen. The various science parks have responded by stipulating restriction limits and planning for the construction of biological nitrogen removal systems. To ensure that the effluent quality conforms to the ammonia nitrogen restriction limits completely, this study will further use the Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) method to treat the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent of the joint wastewater treatment plants to provide a reference basis for the contingency plans in the event of water quality emergencies.

Through the exploring of operation parameters such as pH values, reaction time, and the mole ratio of PO₄3- and Mg2+, this study showed that the optimal reaction pH value is at 10.0 and the optimal reaction time is 30 minutes when using the MAP method for ammonia nitrogen removal. In addition, this study has adopted the Central Composite Design (CCD) in conjunction with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and changed the operation conditions (mole ratio of PO₄3- and  Mg²⁺) to explore the effects of different operation conditions on the reaction variables of ammonia nitrogen removal and phosphate removal and evaluate the optimal operation conditions.

Experiment results show that the concentration of phosphate has a significant effect on the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen. As the concentration of phosphate increases, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen will also increase significantly. Under the condition of initial ammonia nitrogen concentration at 87 mg/L, the optimal mole ratio of n(NH⁴⁺) : n(PO₄3-) : n(Mg2+) is 1.00 : 1.75 : 1.67, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen can reach up to 81.9%. Through the second-degree polynomial of ammonia nitrogen removal rate obtained from the regression tree analysis, the calculation results are close to the actual experiment, so it can be used as reference for future plant applications. Further studies conducted to explore the effects of deionized water with prepared ammonia nitrogen and the effluent of joint wastewater treatment plants on the MAP method show that the other ions in the effluent of the joint wastewater treatment plants will cause the sedimentation and removal of PO₄3-, and interfere with the formation of MAP crystals, causing the decrease in ammonia nitrogen removal rate of PO₄3- at low mole ratios.

The optoelectronics industry and the semiconductor industry are the major industries fostered and developed by the government in recent years, as well as the key players in the “Two Trillion and Twin Star Development Program” proposed by the government in 2002.

In addition to creating an annual output value of over 500 billion New Taiwan Dollars and ranking top five in the world, the high-quality R&D and production capacities of Taiwan have allowed these industries to attract massive foreign investment turning Taiwan into one of the most investment intensive regions in the world while the Southern Taiwan Science Park has become a point of convergence for the aforementioned industries. These high-tech industries, due to production needs, often require the use of volatile organic solvents, such as Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), formula (CH₃)₂SO, Monoethanolamime (MEA), formula C₂H₅ONH₂, Tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH), formula (CH₃)₄NOH, and other organic nitrogen and sulfuric substances as developing agents, stripper, cleaning agents. During the production process, specific organic solvents will be discharged with the wastewater while relevant studies have shown that TMAH will pose an inhibiting toxicity on microorganisms at high concentrations, and the current environmental inspections of the Environmental Protection Administration have not announced any detection methods of cations in the wastewater.

In light of this, this study conducted a research on the detection of TMAH in the wastewater and the degradation techniques of aerobic organisms. The results show that ion chromatography can be used to conduct stable detection of TMAH concentration in the water while Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) simulation results show that the TMAH composition in the wastewater can be completely degraded by an aerobic biological treatment system under certain control conditions. Through the simulation plant tests and relevant detections, this study has identified the handling efficiency and command arguments of the various water quality indicators of the Southern Taiwan Science Park Wastewater Treatment Plant under relevant loads. In terms of technological aspects, this study can be used to provide a reference for the operation and management of industrial parks and Southern Taiwan Science Park, while in terms of administrative aspects, this study can also provide a reference for the Southern Taiwan Science Park Administration in the formulation of management policies and the collection of sewage system fees, and for the Wastewater Treatment Plant in the formulation of contingency plans.

This study used the Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) program to feed the waste sludge from the wastewater treatment plants of different industries into a two-phase sequential batch anaerobic digestion at 35℃ to study the gas and methane production efficiency of anaerobic digestion of organic matter in waste sludge. The first phase is the acid and hydrogen production reaction in which hydrogen is produced through the anaerobic digestion of sludge. The second phase is the methane production reaction, in which the source of the substrate is the organic sludge produced in the first phase. Bacteria strain is first subjected to heat screening treatment before implantation.

From the experiment results, the initial concentration of the sludge feed from the four wastewater treatment plants, domestic sewage treatment plant, food factory, flour factory, and beer factory, is controlled at TS = 2%, with a hydrogen production rate range of 0.5~8 ml H₂/hr, range of variance of hydrogen concentration of 0.2~1%.The hydrogen production rate of the domestic sewage plant, food factory, flour factory, and beer factory is 0.0875 mmol/L/day, 0.0626 mmol/L/day, 0.2049 mmol/L/day, and 0.0701 mmol/L/day respectively. The irregular hydrogen production speed shows that the hydrogen is almost converted in a short time. The hydrogen production volume per unit substrate of the flour factory is 0.082mmolH₂/gCOD, higher than the other three factories but the sewage plant has the highest number of batches of hydrogen production and a hydrogen production rate within a stable range, and the maximum hydrogen production rate and maximum hydrogen production volume show the same trend. To summarize, sludge from floor factory > sludge from sewage plant > sludge from beer factory > sludge from food factory.

The sewage plant has the highest concentration of methane produced from the sludge of the four wastewater treatment plants at 77.1% while the sludge from the flour factory has the highest methane production at 154.3 mL CH4/L-reactor/day. The COD removal rate is within the range of 15~30%, methane recycling rate between 50~70%. In this study of anaerobic digestion of sludge, the sludge from the flour factory has higher potential in terms of hydrogen and methane production.

Due to the rapid increase in population, rapid industrial development, and improvement of living standards, Taiwan currently faces an increasing demand for water resources. In order to solve the issues of water shortages, wastewater recycling is one of the pressing issues at hand. Through the water quality comparison between effluent processed by the three-level treatment of biological treatment by contact aeration, chemical coagulation and sedimentation, and filtration of wastewater from a certain high-tech industrial park in southern Taiwan and the water used for sprinkling, irrigation, flushing, industrial usage (cooling water, cleaning water, pure water, and boiler), drinking, and groundwater, this study explores the feasibility of recycling wastewater from industrial park wastewater treatment plants and reusing the water for secondary livelihood purposes and industrial production processes in the hopes of reducing the water costs of manufacturers and to ensure economic benefits.

The assessment results show that, 1) the BOD5 in the treated water does not conform to the water quality standards required for sprinkling, irrigation, and toilet uses stipulated by the Water Resources Agency, MOEA. The Escherichia coli, lead, cadmium, and manganese levels do not conform to the water quality standards required for water used in soil treatment such as plant irrigation and dust inhibition stipulated in the soil treatment provisions in the Water Pollution Control Act.; 2) The SS, electrical conductivity, and total iron conform to the water quality standards required for cooling water and washing tower. The temperature and electrical conductivity does not meet the requirements for pure water; The pH value and phosphate level do not match the water quality requirements for boiler water.; 3) The TDS, Escherichia coli, Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, F^–, Cl^–, and SO₄^2- do not meet the standards for drinking water and water source, and the COD does not comply with the standards for drinking water and water source.; 4) The TDS, Pb, and Mn levels do not meet the monitoring standards for Type 2 groundwater but conform to the restriction standards for Type 2 groundwater.

In conclusion of the preliminary assessment, although some of the water quality indicators of the treated water do not conform to the water quality standards required for sprinkling, irrigation, toilet water, industrial water (cooling, washing, pure water, and boiler water), drinking water source, the use of advanced wastewater treatment such as chlorination and disinfection, microfiltration, ion exchange resin and activated carbon adsorption together with the current water treatment technology will enable us to achieve the objectives of water recycling and reuse.

Hsinchu Science Park is comprised of six major industry sectors, integrated circuits, computers and peripherals, communications, optoelectronics, precision machinery and biotechnology industries, amounting to a total of 223 processing plants. After information organization, the 40 factories that had the most impact on the discharge wastewater of the park were identified. Through discharge monitoring information of recent years, the majority of the discharged wastewater did not contain high levels of organic pollutants, instead the primary pollutants were inorganic substances such as the heavy metals in hydrofluoric acid, grinding waste liquid, electroplating cleaning fluid and the acidic and alkaline wastewater generated by the ion exchange, accounting for 92.6% of the polluted water of the park. In order to effectively control the water quality of the influent of the treatment plant and implement the wastewater discharge measures of the park, the establishment of a mobile and efficient monitoring network will require formulating a comprehensive testing and sampling plan.

The report has compiled the long-term water quality date of the various factories and wastewater treatment plant, and selected six factories that contributed the most workload to the treatment plant, ten factories that had unstable operations, 15 key nodes in the park sewage system, and 14 rainwater-monitoring stations. Establishing all the stations will require extensive human resources, monitoring and testing equipment. With the limited manpower and equipment at the moment, a dual monitoring and counseling approach was adopted to ensure the same monitoring effects. On one hand, progressive, irregular, and mobile monitoring of highly polluting and unstable factories was conducted in conjunction with counseling plans to assist factories in overcoming the problems. On the other hand, monitoring stations were established in key regions to establish a water quality curve of the relationship between the discharge of various factories and the confluence of well water to use as reference for audit inspections. In addition, cooperation with the neighboring community residents was established to build a random sampling mechanism to ensure real-time monitoring of abnormalities. The monitoring network is expected to create a clean and environmentally friend science park without water pollution to achieve the vision of the co-existence of environmental protection and economic development.

Sewage treatment plants are the key end line treatment facilities in the discharge of sewage wastewater into the environment, so a newly established wastewater treatment plant should not only have a proper and good design and construction, but also possess professional operation and control, which is key deciding factor to treatment efficiency. This is especially so for major wastewater treatment plants where the operation would require comprehensive preparation, operation and maintenance plans to ensure the effective utilization of its handling capacities. Focusing on the case of a centralized wastewater treatment plant in a certain science park in southern Taiwan, this study explores the necessary preparation works required during the early operation of a newly established treatment plant, and uses the operation parameters and conditions in the actual operation to discuss the issues faced in times of low handling volume and water quality concentration so as to provide actual operation experiences for reference.

The rapid development of this century has added a new milestone for humanity, while also causing a certain degree of impact to the nature and environment. At a time when many people are wantonly destroying Earth’s resources, environmental protection projects are undeniably our compensation for the natural environment. With the increasing environmental awareness, many advanced nations are now paying attention to environmental issues. The Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) was established in 1987 to begin the active promotion of the environmental protection projects in Taiwan, and river pollution remediation has always been a key focus of the EPA. Government departments, academic institutions, and private organizations have also contributed considerable efforts to formulate remediation strategies and policies for river pollution, organize academic forums and seminars, and implemented river remediation projects. This paper mainly offers a comprehensive introduction of the planning procedures for the river remediation projects and the pollution control technology, as well as the current technology for the remediation projects of in-situ pollution, in the hopes that the information will provide insight for the future planning of environmental protection organizations and relevant government departments.

Optoelectronic industries are the main industries entering the various industrial parks in recent years. Due to its production needs, the industry requires the frequent use of organic solvents such as Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), formula (CH₃)₂SO, Monoethanolamime (MEA), formula C₂H₅ONH₂, Tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH), formula (CH₃)₄NOH, and other organic nitrogen and sulfuric substances as developing agents, stripper, cleaning agents. During the production process, specific organic solvents will be discharged with the wastewater while relevant studies have shown that TMAH will pose toxicity on microorganism, and the current environmental inspections of the Environmental Protection Administration have not announced any detection methods of cations in the wastewater.

In light of this, this study conducted a research on the detection of TMAH in the wastewater and the biodegradation techniques. The results show that ion chromatography can be used to conduct stable detection of TMAH concentration in the water while Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) simulation results show that the TMAH composition in the wastewater can be completely degraded by an aerobic biological treatment system under certain control conditions.

Peter F. Drucker indicated that, about 85% of the enterprises in US would collapse or disappear from the market within one year of incidence of a crisis. One of the main reasons why these enterprises are unable to overcome the challenges of the crisis is that the high-level executives of these enterprises maintain an ignorant attitude towards crisis management, so crisis management should be a key subject that enterprises must learn. Hearit (1994) indicated that, many of the relevant researches on crisis management in the past neglect to address the communication aspect during a crisis. Marra (1998) pointed out that, despite the different research perspectives of crisis management researchers from different sectors, crisis communication remains the key factor in deciding the success or failure of crisis management.

As state-owned industries are naturally inhibited by their management nature to become the biggest obstacle in crisis management, learning how to adapt, respond quickly, and adopt measures have become the key factors in deciding if the enterprise will survive and sustain or fail and be eliminated. Crisis management has become the greatest and harshest challenge for state-owned enterprises. The hundred year old Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation is one of the representatives of the state-owned industries in Taiwan. When faced with the impacts of sudden crises, how good will its crisis management be? How can crisis communication strategies help in facing the challenge and overcoming the crisis? This is an integral topic for innovative management.

Hence, this study adopted a case analysis and in-depth interview approach to examine the hundred-year-old state-owned Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation from the perspectives of crisis communication. During the prevalence of fake rice wine in 2002, how the company handled the crisis that will determine its survival, and made use of the crisis communication aspect in crisis management to mitigate the impacts to company reputation, rebuild company image, foster the company reputation to greater heights than before, and increase the benefits of the organization.

The four main purposes of the study are as follows：

1. Identify the crisis communication capacity and crisis communication strategy of the Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation？
2. Organize a set of comprehensive crisis communication system to provide future reference for other state-owned industries
3. Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation was able to make use of management strategies to overcome the crisis, and take initiative in grasping market strategies. Review the formulation of this strategy and its successful application.
4. Organize literature related to the crisis communication strategies, and conduct an in-depth review of the crisis communication strategies to provide guiding reference for future researchers.